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_______________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxims website at www.maxim-ic.com. audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 19-5111; rev 0; 1/10 simplified block diagram general description the max97002 mono audio subsystem combines a mono speaker amplifier with a stereo headphone ampli - fier and an analog dpst switch. the headphone and speaker amplifiers have independent volume control and on/off control. the 4 inputs are configurable as 2 differ - ential inputs or 4 single-ended inputs. the entire subsystem is designed for maximum effi - ciency. the high-efficiency, 700mw, class d speaker amplifier operates directly from the battery and con - sumes no more than 1 f a in shutdown mode. the class h headphone amplifier utilizes a dual-mode charge pump to maximize efficiency while outputting a ground- referenced signal that does not require output coupling capacitors. the speaker amplifier incorporates a distortion limiter to automatically reduce the volume level when excessive clipping occurs. this allows high gain for low-level sig - nals without compromising the quality of large signals. all control is performed using the 2-wire i 2 c interface. the max97002 operates over the extended -40 n c to +85 n c temperature range, and is available in the 2mm x 2.5mm, 20-bump, wlp package (0.5mm pitch). applications cell phones portable media players features s 2.7v to 5.5v speaker supply voltage s 1.6v to 2v headphone supply voltage s 700mw speaker output (v pvdd = 3.7v, z spk = 8 + 68h) s 37mw/channel headphone output (r hp = 16 i ) s low-emission class d amplifier s efficient class h headphone amplifier s ground-referenced headphone outputs s 2 stereo single-ended/mono differential inputs s integrated distortion limiter (speaker outputs) s integrated dpst analog switch s no clicks and pops s tdma noise free s 2mm x 2.5mm, 20-bump, 0.5mm pitch wlp package ordering information evaluation kit available stereo/ mono input stereo/ mono input volume class d amplifier class h amplifier charge pump bypass volume power supply battery 1.8v control i 2 c limiter max97002 part temp range pin-package MAX97002EWP+ -40 n c to +85 n c 20 wlp
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 2 table of contents general description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 simplified block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 functional diagram/typical application circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 digital i/o characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 i 2 c timing characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 detailed description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 signal path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 class d speaker amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 ultra-low emi filterless output stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 distortion limiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 analog switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 headphone amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 directdrive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 charge pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 class h operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 low-power mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 i 2 c slave address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 i 2 c registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 volume control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 distortion limiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 power management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 charge-pump control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 i 2 c serial interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 bit transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 start and stop conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 charge-pump control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 3 table of contents (continued) early stop conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 slave address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 acknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 write data format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 read data format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 applications information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 filterless class d operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 rf susceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 component selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 optional ferrite bead filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 input capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 charge-pump capacitor selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 charge-pump flying capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 charge-pump holding capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 supply bypassing, layout, and grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 wlp applications information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 4 functional diagram/typical application circuit mux lpmode mix hplmix mix hprmix mix spkmix + + pg aina -6db to +18db pg aina -6db to +18db pg ainb -6db to +18db pg ainb -6db to +18db hplvol: -64db to +6db hprvol: -64db to +6db spkvol: -30db to +20db inadiff inbdiff 0.47f ina1 optional 0.47f ina2 optional 0.47f inb1 d1 c2 c1 optional 0.47f inb2 d2 com1 c3 com2 d3 sda b2 c4 gnd v dd charge pump a4 c1p a5 c1n b5 hpvdd hpvss a3 v dd bypen analog switches thd limite r lmten scl b3 i 2 c interface optional 1f 0.1 f 10f d4 bias bias hpvdd hpvss hpvdd hpvss pvdd hpren hplen 1 f b1 hpl a2 hpr a1 outp class d +12db c5 outn spken pgnd d5 b4 v dd pvdd 1.6v to 2v 2.7v to 5.5v max97002 class h 0/3db class h 0/3db
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 5 stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. (voltages with respect to gnd.) v dd , hpvdd ........................................................ -0.3v to +2.2v pvdd .................................................................... -0.3v to +6.0v hpvss .................................................................. -2.2v to +0.3v c1n ..................................... (hpvss - 0.3v) to (hpvdd + 0.3v) c1p ...................................................... -0.3v to (hpvdd + 0.3v) hpl, hpr ............................ (hpvss - 0.3v) to (hpvdd + 0.3v) ina1, ina2, inb1, inb2, bias ............................. -0.3v to +6.0v sda, scl ............................................................. -0.3v to +6.0v com1, com2, outp, outn ................. -0.3v to (pvdd + 0.3v) continuous current in/out of pvdd, gnd, out_ ........ q 800ma continuous current in/out of hpr, hpl, v dd .............. q 140ma continuous current in/out of com1, com2 ................ q 150ma continuous input current (all other pins) ........................ q 20ma duration of out_ short circuit to gnd or pvdd ..... continuous duration of short circuit between outp and outn ................................................... continuous duration of hp_ short circuit to gnd or v dd ........... continuous continuous power dissipation (t a = +70 n c) 20-bump wlp multilayer board (derate 13mw/ n c above +70 n c) ................................ 1040mw junction temperature ..................................................... +150 n c operating temperature range .......................... -40 n c to +85 n c storage temperature range ............................ -65 n c to +150 n c lead temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................ +260 n c e lectrical characteristics (v vdd = 1.8v, v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = 0v. input signal applied at ina configured single-ended, preamp gain = 0db, hplvol = hprvol = spkvol = 0db, speaker loads (z spk ) connected between outp and outn. headphone loads (r hp ) connected from hpl or hpr to gnd. sda and scl pullup voltage = 1.8v. z spk = j , r hp = j . c c1p-c1n = c hpvdd = c hpvss = c bias = 1 f f. t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c.) (note 1) absolute maximum ratings parameter symbol conditions min typ max units speaker amplifier supply voltage range pvdd guaranteed by psrr test 2.7 5.5 v headphone amplifier supply voltage range v dd guaranteed by psrr test 1.6 2 v quiecsent supply current low-power headphone mode, t a = +25 n c i vdd 1.35 1.85 ma i pvdd 0.35 0.55 hp mode, t a = +25 n c, stereo se input on ina, inb disabled i vdd 1.35 1.85 i pvdd 0.75 1.15 spk mode, t a = +25 n c mono differential input on inb, ina disabled i vdd 0.32 0.6 i pvdd 1.38 2.2 spk + hp mode, t a = +25 n c, stereo se input on ina, inb disabled i vdd 1.35 1.85 i pvdd 1.8 2.7 shutdown current i shdn t a = +25 n c, v shdn = 0v i vdd + i pvdd 0 8 f a v vdd = 0v, i pvdd < 1 turn-on time t on time from power-on to full operation, including soft-start 10 ms input resistance r in t a = +25 n c, internal gain gain = -6db, -3db 41.2 k i gain = 0db, 3db, 6db, db 16 20.6 27 gain = 18db 5.5 7.2 9.6
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 6 electrical characteristics (continued) (v vdd = 1.8v, v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = 0v. input signal applied at ina configured single-ended, preamp gain = 0db, hplvol = hprvol = spkvol = 0db, speaker loads (zspk) connected between outp and outn. headphone loads (rhp) connected from hpl or hpr to gnd. sda and scl pullup voltage = 1.8v. zspk = j , rhp = j . c c1p-c1n = c hpvdd = c hpvss = c bias = 1 f f. t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units feedback resistance r f t a = +25 n c, external gain 19 20 21 k i maximum input signal swing preamp = 0db 2.3 v p-p preamp = +18db 0.29 preamp = external gain 2.3 x rinex/rf common-mode rejection ratio cmrr f = 1khz (differential input mode), gain = 0db 55 db f = 1khz (differential input mode), gain = 18db 32 input dc voltage in__ inputs 1.125 1.2 1.275 v bias voltage v bias 1.13 1.2 1.27 v speaker amplifier output offset voltage v os t a = +25 n c, spkm = 1 q 0.5 q 4 mv t a = +25 n c, spkmix = 0x01, in_diff = 0 q 1.5 click-and-pop level k cp peak voltage, t a = +25 n c, a-weighted, 32 samples per sec - ond, volume at mute (note 2) into shutdown -70 dbv out of shutdown -70 power-supply rejection ratio (note 2) psrr t a = +25 n c v pvdd = 2.7v to 5.5v 50 77 db f = 217hz, 200mv p-p ripple 73 f = 1khz, 200mv p-p ripple 73 f = 20khz, 200mv p-p ripple 57 output power (note 3) thd+n p 1%, f = 1khz, z spk = 8 i + 68 f h v pvdd = 4.2v 920 mw v pvdd = 3.7v 700 v pvdd = 3.3v 550 total harmonic distortion plus noise thd+n f = 1khz, p out = 360mw, t a = +25 n c, r spk = 8 i 0.05 0.6 % signal-to-noise ratio snr a-weighted, spkmix = 0x03, refer - enced to 700mw in_diff = 0 (single-ended) 96 db in_diff = 1 (differential) 96
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 7 electrical characteristics (continued) (v vdd = 1.8v, v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = 0v. input signal applied at ina configured single-ended, preamp gain = 0db, hplvol = hprvol = spkvol = 0db, speaker loads (zspk) connected between outp and outn. headphone loads (rhp) connected from hpl or hpr to gnd. sda and scl pullup voltage = 1.8v. zspk = j , rhp = j . c c1p-c1n = c hpvdd = c hpvss = c bias = 1 f f. t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units oscillator frequency f osc 250 khz spread-spectrum bandwidth q 20 khz gain 11.5 12 12.5 db current limit 1.5 a efficiency e p out = 600mw, f = 1khz 87 % output noise a-weighted, (spkmix = 0x01), in_diff = 1, spkvol = -30db 37 f v rms charge pump charge-pump frequency v hpl = v hpr = 0v, t a = +25 n c 80 83 85 khz v hpl = v hpr = 0.2v 665 v hpl = v hpr = 0.5v 500 positive output voltage v hpvdd v hpl , v hpr > v th v dd v v hpl , v hpr < v th v dd /2 negative output voltage v hpvss v hpl , v hpr > v th -v dd v v hpl , v hpr < v th -v dd /2 headphone output voltage threshold v th1 output voltage at which the charge pump switches between fast and slow clock q v dd x 0.05 q v dd x 0.08 q v dd x 0.13 v v th2 output voltage at which the charge pump switches modes, vout rising or falling q v dd x 0.21 q v dd x 0.25 q v dd x 0.3 mode transition timeouts time it takes for the charge pump to transi - tion from invert to split mode 32 ms time it takes for the charge pump to transi - tion from split to invert mode 20 f s headphone amplifiers output offset voltage v os t a = +25 n c, volume at mute q 0.15 q 0.6 mv t a = +25 n c, hp_mix = 0x1, in_diff = 0 q 0.5 click-and-pop level k cp peak voltage, t a = +25 n c, a-weighted, 32 samples per second, volume at mute (note 2) into shutdown -74 dbv out of shut - down -74
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 8 electrical characteristics (continued) (v vdd = 1.8v, v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = 0v. input signal applied at ina configured single-ended, preamp gain = 0db, hplvol = hprvol = spkvol = 0db, speaker loads (zspk) connected between outp and outn. headphone loads (rhp) connected from hpl or hpr to gnd. sda and scl pullup voltage = 1.8v. zspk = j , rhp = j . c c1p-c1n = c hpvdd = c hpvss = c bias = 1 f f. t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units power-supply rejection ratio (note 2) psrr t a = +25 n c v dd = 1.62v to 1.98v 70 85 db f = 217hz, v ripple = 200mv p-p 84 f = 1khz, v ripple = 200mv p-p 80 f = 20khz, v ripple = 200mv p-p 69 output power p out thd+n = 1%, f = 1khz r hp = 16 i 37 mw r hp = 32 i 30 channel-to-channel gain tracking t a = +25 n c, hpl to hpr, hplmix = 0x01, hprmix = 0x02, in_diff = 0 q 0.3 q 2.5 % total harmonic distortion plus noise thd+n p out = 10mw, f = 1khz r hp = 32 i 0.02 % r hp = 16 i 0.03 0.1 signal-to-noise ratio snr a-weighted, r hp = 16 i , hplmix = 0x01, hprmix = 0x02, in_diff = 0 100 db slew rate sr 0.35 v/ f s capacitive drive c l 200 pf crosstalk hpl to hpr, hpr to hpl, f = 20hz to 20khz 68 db analog switch on-resistance r on i nc_ = 20ma, v com_ = 0v and pvdd, swen = 1 t a = +25 n c 1.6 4 i t a = t min to t max 5.2 total harmonic distortion plus noise thd+n v difcom_ = 2v p-p , v cmcom_ = pv dd /2, f = 1khz, swen = 1, z spk = 8 i + 68 f h 10 i in series with each switch 0.05 % no series resistors 0.3 off-isolation swen = 0, com1 and com2 to gnd = 50 i , f = 10khz, referred to signal applied to outp and outn 90 db
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 9 electrical characteristics (continued) (v vdd = 1.8v, v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = 0v. input signal applied at ina configured single-ended, preamp gain = 0db, hplvol = hprvol = spkvol = 0db, speaker loads (zspk) connected between outp and outn. headphone loads (rhp) connected from hpl or hpr to gnd. sda and scl pullup voltage = 1.8v. zspk = j , rhp = j . c c1p-c1n = c hpvdd = c hpvss = c bias = 1 f f. t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c.) (note 1) digital i/o characteristics (v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = 0v. t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units preamplifier gain pgain_ = 000 -6.5 -6 -5.5 db pgain_ = 001 -3.5 -3 -2.5 pgain_ = 010 -0.5 0 +0.5 pgain_ = 011 2.5 3 3.5 pgain_ = 100 5.5 6 6.5 pgain_ = 101 8.5 9 9.5 pgain_ = 110 17.5 18 18.5 volume control volume level hp_vol = 0x1f 5.5 6 6.5 db hp_vol = 0x00 -68 -64 -60 spkvol = 0x3f 19 20 21 spkvol = 0x00 -31 -30 -29 mute attenuation f = 1khz speaker 100 db headphone 110 zero-crossing detection timeout 100 ms limiter attack time 1 ms release time constant thdt1 = 0 1.4 s thdt1 = 1 2.8 parameter symbol conditions min typ max units digital inputs (sda, scl) input voltage high v ih 0.75 x v dd v input voltage low v il 0.35 x v dd v input hysteresis v hys 200 mv input capacitance c in 10 pf input leakage current i in t a = +25 n c 1.0 f a digital outputs (sda open drain) output low voltage v ol i sink = 3ma 0.4 v
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 10 i 2 c timing characteristics (v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = 0v. t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c.) (note 1) note 1: 100% production tested at t a = +25 n c. specifications over temperature limits are guaranteed by design. note 2: amplifier inputs are ac-coupled to gnd. note 3: class d amplifier testing performed with a resistive load in series with an inductor to simulate an actual speaker load. note 4: c b is in pf. figure 1. i 2 c interface timing diagram 1 scl start condition sda 28 9 clock pulse for acknowledgment acknowledge not acknowledge parameter symbol conditions min typ max units serial-clock frequency f scl 0 400 khz bus free time between stop and start conditions t buf 1.3 f s hold time (repeated) start condition t hd,sta 0.6 f s scl pulse-width low t low 1.3 f s scl pulse-width high t high 0.6 f s setup time for a repeated start condition t su,sta 0.6 f s data hold time t hd,dat 0 900 ns data setup time t su,dat 100 ns sda and scl receiving rise time t r (note 4) 20 + 0.1c b 300 ns sda and scl receiving fall time t f (note 4) 20 + 0.1c b 300 ns sda transmitting fall time t f (note 4) 20 + 0.1c b 300 ns setup time for stop condition t su,sto 0.6 f s bus capacitance c b 400 pf pulse width of suppressed spike t sp 0 50 ns
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 11 typical operating characteristics (v ldoin = v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v. single-ended inputs, preamp gain = 0db, hplvol = hprvol = spkvol = 0db. speaker loads (zspk) connected between outp and outn. headphone loads (rhp) connected from hpl or hpr to gnd. zspk = , rhp = . c c1p-c1n = c hpvdd = c hpvss = c bias = 1f. t a = +25c, unless otherwise noted.) supply current vs. supply voltage max97002 toc01 supply voltage (v) supply current (ma) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 2.5 5.5 speaker only inputs ac-coupled to gnd input = ina v sda = v scl = 3.3v shutdown current vs. supply voltage max97002 toc02 supply voltage (v) shutdown current (a) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 0 2.5 5.5 inputs ac-coupled to gnd v sda = v scl = 3.3v speaker volume attenuation vs. volume control code max97002 toc03 volume control code (numeric) speaker volume attenuation (db) 60 50 40 30 20 10 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 -40 0 70 8 i load headphone volume attenuation vs. hp_vol code max97002 toc04 hp_vol code (numeric) headphone volume attenuation (db) 30 25 5 10 15 20 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 -70 0 35 right and left 32i load thd+n vs. frequency max97002 toc05 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 100 v pvdd = 3.7v z sprk = 8 i + 68f p out = 200mw p out = 600mw thd+n vs. frequency max97002 toc06 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 100 v pvdd = 3.7v z sprk = 4 i + 33f p out = 200mw p out = 1000mw thd+n vs. frequency max97002 toc07 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 100 v pvdd = 3.7v z sprk = 8 i + 68f ssm ffm thd+n vs. output power max97002 toc08 p out (mw) thd+n (%) 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 f in = 100hz f in = 6khz f in = 1khz v pvdd = 5.0v z sprk = 8i + 68f thd+n vs. output power max97002 toc09 p out (mw) thd+n (%) 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0 4000 f in = 100hz f in = 6khz f in = 1khz v pvdd = 5.0v z sprk = 4i + 33f
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 12 typical operating characteristics (continued) (v ldoin = v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v. single-ended inputs, preamp gain = 0db, hplvol = hprvol = spkvol = 0db. speaker loads (zspk) connected between outp and outn. headphone loads (rhp) connected from hpl or hpr to gnd. zspk = , rhp = . c c1p-c1n = c hpvdd = c hpvss = c bias = 1f. t a = +25c, unless otherwise noted.) thd+n vs. output power max97002 toc10 p out (mw) thd+n (%) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0 1600 f in = 100hz f in = 6khz f in = 1khz v pvdd = 4.2v z sprk = 8i + 68f max97002 toc11 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 3000 thd+n vs. output power thd+n (%) 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 p out (mw) f in = 100hz f in = 6khz f in = 1khz v pvdd = 4.2v z sprk = 4i + 33f 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 max97002 toc12 thd+n vs. output power thd+n (%) 0.01 0.1 10 100 0.001 f in = 100hz f in = 6khz f in = 1khz v pvdd = 3.7v z sprk = 8i + 68f 1 p out (mw) thd+n vs. output power max97002 toc13 p out (mw) thd+n (%) 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 f in = 100hz f in = 6khz f in = 1khz v pvdd = 3.7v z sprk = 4 i + 33f 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 efficiency vs. output power max97002 toc14 efficiency (%) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0 2.5 p out (w) z sprk = 8i + 68f z sprk = 4i + 33f v pvdd = 5.0v f in = 1khz efficiency vs. output power max97002 toc15 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.2 0 1.6 efficiency (%) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 p out (w) z sprk = 8i + 68f z sprk = 4i + 33f v pvdd = 3.7v f in = 1khz output power vs. supply voltage max97002 toc16 supply voltage (v) output power (w) 5.0 4.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 2.5 5.5 f in = 1khz z sprk = 8i + 68f thd+n = 1% thd+n = 10% output power vs. supply voltage max97002 toc17 output power (w) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 0 2.5 5.5 supply voltage (v) f in = 1khz z sprk = 4i + 33f thd+n = 1% thd+n = 10% output power vs. load resistance max97002 toc18 load resistance ( i ) output power (w) 100 10 1 1000 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 thd+n = 1% thd+n = 10% v pvdd = 3.7v f in = 1khz z sprk = load + 68f
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 13 typical operating characteristics (continued) (v ldoin = v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v. single-ended inputs, preamp gain = 0db, hplvol = hprvol = spkvol = 0db. speaker loads (zspk) connected between outp and outn. headphone loads (rhp) connected from hpl or hpr to gnd. zspk = , rhp = . c c1p-c1n = c hpvdd = c hpvss = c bias = 1f. t a = +25c, unless otherwise noted.) power-supply rejection ratio vs. frequency max97002 toc19 frequency (khz) psrr (db) 10 1 0.1 -80 -90 -60 -70 -40 -50 -20 -30 -10 0 -100 0.01 100 v ripple = 200mv p-p v pvdd = 3.7v inputs ac-coupled gnd power-supply rejection ratio vs. supply voltage max97002 toc20 supply voltage (v) psrr (db) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -100 2.5 5.5 v ripple = 200mv p-p f in = 1khz inputs ac-coupled gnd in-band output spectrum max97002 toc21 frequency (khz) amplitude (dbv) 15 10 5 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -120 0 20 ssm f in = 1khz wideband output spectrum max97002 toc24 frequency (mhz) output amplitude (dbv) 100 10 1 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -100 0.1 1000 rbw = 100hz ssm in-band output spectrum max97002 toc22 frequency (khz) amplitude (dbv) 15 10 5 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -120 0 20 ffm f in = 1khz software shutdown response max97002 toc25 spkr output 200ma/div 1ms/div sda 2v/div wideband output spectrum max97002 toc23 frequency (mhz) output amplitude (dbv) 100 10 1 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -120 0.1 1000 rbw = 100hz ffm
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 14 typical operating characteristics (continued) (v ldoin = v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v. single-ended inputs, preamp gain = 0db, hplvol = hprvol = spkvol = 0db. speaker loads (zspk) connected between outp and outn. headphone loads (rhp) connected from hpl or hpr to gnd. zspk = , rhp = . c c1p-c1n = c hpvdd = c hpvss = c bias = 1f. t a = +25c, unless otherwise noted.) software turn-on response max97002 toc26 spkr output 200ma/div 2ms/div sda 2v/div thd+n vs. frequency max97002 toc27 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 100 p out = 25mw p out = 5mw r load = 32i thd+n vs. frequency max97002 toc28 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 100 p out = 30mw p out = 10mw r load = 16i power dissipation vs. output power max97002 toc31 output power (mw) power dissipation (mw) 120 100 80 40 60 20 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 0 0 140 f in = 1khz p out = p hpl + p hpr r load = 16i r load = 32i thd+n vs. output power max97002 toc29 output power (mw) thd+n (%) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0 40 35 f in = 1khz f in = 6khz f in = 100hz r load = 32i output power vs. load resistance max97002 toc32 load resistance (i) output power (mw) 100 10 100 50 150 200 250 0 1 1000 thd+n = 10% thd+n = 1% f in = 1khz thd+n vs. output power max97002 toc30 output power (mw) thd+n (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0 70 r load = 16i f in = 6khz f in = 1khz f in = 100hz
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 15 typical operating characteristics (continued) (v ldoin = v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v. single-ended inputs, preamp gain = 0db, hplvol = hprvol = spkvol = 0db. speaker loads (zspk) connected between outp and outn. headphone loads (rhp) connected from hpl or hpr to gnd. zspk = , rhp = . c c1p-c1n = c hpvdd = c hpvss = c bias = 1f. t a = +25c, unless otherwise noted.) output power vs. load resistance max97002 toc33 load resistance (i) output power (w) 100 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 1 1000 f in = 1khz thd+n = 1% measured at hpr only c1 = c2 = c3 = 2.2f c1 = c2 = c3 = 1f power-supply rejection ratio vs. frequency max97002 toc34 frequency (khz) psrr (db) 10 1 0.1 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -140 0.01 100 v ripple = 200mv p-p v dd = 1.8v inputs ac-coupled gnd output spectrum max97002 toc35 frequency (khz) amplitude (dbv) 16 18 14 4 2 6 8 10 12 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 0 20 r load = 32i f in = 1khz common-mode rejection ratio vs. frequency max97002 toc38 frequency (khz) crosstalk (db) 10 1 0.1 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -70 0.01 100 r load = 32 i pregain = +18db pregain = +9db pregain = 0db output spectrum max97002 toc36 frequency (khz) amplitude (dbv) 12 10 8 2 4 6 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 0 1 4 1 6 1 8 20 r load = 16i f in = 1khz software shutdown response max97002 toc39 sda 2v/div hpl/hpr 200mv/div 1ms/div crosstalk vs. frequency max97002 toc37 frequency (khz) crosstalk (db) 10 1 0.1 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -90 0.01 100 r load = 32 i left to right right to left
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 16 typical operating characteristics (continued) (v ldoin = v pvdd = 3.7v, v gnd = v pgnd = 0v. single-ended inputs, preamp gain = 0db, hplvol = hprvol = spkvol = 0db. speaker loads (zspk) connected between outp and outn. headphone loads (rhp) connected from hpl or hpr to gnd. zspk = , rhp = . c c1p-c1n = c hpvdd = c hpvss = c bias = 1f. t a = +25c, unless otherwise noted.) software startup response max97002 toc40 sda 2v/div hpl/hpr 200mv/div 2ms/div class h operation max97002 toc41 hpvdd 1v/div 0v 0v hpvss 1v/div hpl/hpr 200mv/div 10ms/div thd+n vs. output power max97002 toc42 output power (mw) thd+n (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0 80 r load = 8 i external class ab connected directly to com1 and comr f = 6khz f = 1khz f = 100hz on-resistance vs. v com max97002 toc43 v com (v) r on (i) 5 4 3 2 1 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 0 0 6 i nc = 20ma v pvdd = 2.7v v pvdd = 2.5v v pvdd = 3.0v v pvdd = 3.7v v pvdd = 5.0v v pvdd = 5.5v bypass switch off-isolation max97002 toc44 frequency (khz) off-isolation (db) 10 1 0.1 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -120 0.01 100
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 17 pin description pin configuration max97002 hpl hpvss c1p hpr 2 3 4 1 a sda v dd scl bias b ina2 com1 gnd outp top view (bump side down) c1n 5 hpvdd ina1 c inb2 com2 pvdd outn inb1 d + pin name description a1 hpr headphone amplifier left output a2 hpl headphone amplifier right output a3 hpvss headphone amplifier negative power supply. bypass with a 1 f f capacitor to gnd. a4 c1p charge-pump flying capacitor positive terminal. connect a 1 f f capacitor between c1p and c1n. a5 c1n charge-pump flying capacitor negative terminal. connect a 1 f f capacitor between c1p and c1n. b1 bias common-mode bias. bypass to gnd with a 1 f f capacitor. b2 sda serial-data input/output. connect a pullup resistor from sda to dvdd. b3 scl serial-clock input. connect a pullup resistor from scl to dvdd. b4 v dd headphone amplifier supply. bypass with a 1 f f capacitor to gnd. b5 hpvdd headphone amplifier positive power supply. bypass with a 1 f f capacitor to gnd. c1 ina1 input a1. left input or negative input. c2 ina2 input a2. right input or positive input. c3 com1 positive bypass switch input c4 gnd analog ground c5 outp positive speaker output d1 inb1 input b1. left input or negative input. d2 inb2 input b2. right input or positive input. d3 com2 negative bypass switch input d4 pvdd class d power supply. bypass with a 1 f f capacitor to gnd. d5 outn negative speaker output
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 18 detailed description the max97002 mono audio subsystem combines a mono speaker amplifier with a stereo headphone ampli - fier and an analog dpst switch. the high-efficiency 700mw class d speaker amplifier operates directly from the battery and consumes no more than 1 f a when in shutdown mode. the headphone amplifier utilizes a dual-mode charge pump and a class h output stage to maximize efficiency while outputting a ground-ref - erenced signal that does not require output coupling capacitors. the headphone and speaker amplifiers have independent volume control and on/off control. the 4 inputs are configurable as 2 differential inputs or 4 single-ended inputs. all control is performed using the 2-wire i 2 c interface. the speaker amplifier incorporates a distortion limiter to automatically reduce the volume level when excessive clipping occurs. this allows high gain for low-level sig - nals without compromising the quality of large signals. signal path the max97002 signal path consists of flexible inputs, signal mixing, volume control, and output amplifiers (figure 2). the inputs can be configured for single- ended or differential signals (figure 3). the internal preamplifiers feature programmable gain settings using internal resistors and an external gain setting using a trimmed internal feedback resistor. the external option allows any desired gain to be selected. following pre - amplification, the input signals are mixed, volume adjust - ed, and routed to the headphone and speaker amplifiers based on the desired configuration. mixers the max97002 features independent mixers for the left headphone, right headphone, and speaker paths. each output can select any combination of any inputs. this allows for mixing two audio signals together and rout - ing independent signals to the headphone and speaker amplifiers. if one of the inputs is not selected by either mixer, it is automatically powered down to save power. class d speaker amplifier the max97002 class d speaker amplifier utilizes active emissions limiting and spread-spectrum modulation to minimize the emi radiated by the amplifier. figure 2. signal path -64db to +6db mixer and mux ina2 ina1 inb2 inb1 0/3db -64db to +6db 0/3db -30db to +20db +12db input a -6db to +18db input b -6db to +18db
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 19 figure 3. differential and stereo single-ended input configurations r in_2 (r) stereo single-ended l in_1 (l) in_2 (+) differential in_1 (-) to mixer to mixer
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 20 ultra-low emi filterless output stage traditional class d amplifiers require the use of exter - nal lc filters or shielding in order to meet en55022b electromagnetic-interference (emi) regulation stan - dards. maxims patented active emissions limiting edge- rate control circuitry and spread-spectrum modulation reduces emi emissions, while maintaining up to 87% effi - ciency. maxims patented spread-spectrum modulation mode flattens wideband spectral components, while proprietary techniques ensure that the cycle-to-cycle variation of the switching period does not degrade audio reproduction or efficiency. the max97002s spread- spectrum modulator randomly varies the switching frequency by q 20khz around the center frequency (250khz). above 10mhz, the wideband spectrum looks like noise for emi purposes (see figure 4). figure 4. emi with 15cm of speaker cable frequency (mhz) amplitude (dbv/m) 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 0 10 20 30 40 -10 30 300 frequency (mhz) amplitude (dbv/m) 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 0 10 20 30 40 -10 300 350 1000
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 21 distortion limiter the max97002 speaker amplifiers integrate a limiter to provide speaker protection and audio compression. when enabled, the limiter monitors the audio signal at the output of the class d speaker amplifier and decreas - es the gain if the distortion exceeds the predefined threshold. the limiter automatically tracks the battery voltage to reduce the gain as the battery voltage drops. figure 5 shows the typical output vs. input curves with and without the distortion limiter. the dotted line shows the maximum gain for a given distortion limit without the distortion limiter. the solid line shows how, with the distortion limiter enabled, the gain can be increased without exceeding the set distortion limit. when the limiter is enabled, selecting a high gain level results in peak signals being attenuated while low signals are left unchanged. this increases the perceived loudness with - out the harshness of a clipped waveform. analog switch the max97002 integrates a dpst analog audio switch that connects com1 and com2 to outp and outn, respectively. unlike discrete solutions, the switch design reduces coupling of class d switching noise to the com_ inputs. this eliminates the need for a costly t-switch. drive com1 and com2 with a low-impedance source to minimize noise on the pins. in applications that do not require the analog switch, leave com1 and com2 uncon - nected. when applying signal on com1 and com2, dis - able the class d amplifier before closing the switch. headphone amplifier directdrive traditional single-supply headphone amplifiers have outputs biased at a nominal dc voltage (typically half the supply). large coupling capacitors are needed to block this dc bias from the headphone. without these capacitors, a significant amount of dc current flows to the headphone, resulting in unnecessary power dis - sipation and possible damage to both headphone and headphone amplifier. maxims patented directdrive ? architecture uses a charge pump to create an internal negative supply voltage. this allows the headphone outputs of the max97002 to be biased at gnd while operating from a single supply (figure 6). without a dc component, there is no need for the large dc-blocking capacitors. instead of two large (220 f f, typ) capacitors, the max97002 charge pump requires two small ceramic capacitors, conserving board space, reducing cost, and improving the frequency response of the headphone amplifier. see the output power vs. load resistance graph in the typical operating characteristics for details of the pos - sible capacitor sizes. there is a low dc voltage on the amplifier outputs due to amplifier offset. however, the offset of the max97002 is typically q 0.6mv, which, when combined with a 32 i load, results in less than 50 f a of dc current flow to the headphones. figure 5. limiter gain curve figure 6.traditional amplifier output vs. max97002 directdrive output directdrive is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. maximum thd+n level v out v in v dd v dd / 2 gnd conventional amplifier biasing scheme directdrive amplifier biasing scheme +v dd sgnd -v dd
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 22 in addition to the cost and size disadvantages of the dc-blocking capacitors required by conventional headphone amplifiers, these capacitors limit the ampli - fiers low-frequency response and can distort the audio signal. previous attempts at eliminating the output- coupling capacitors involved biasing the headphone return (sleeve) to the dc-bias voltage of the headphone amplifiers. this method raises some issues: u the sleeve is typically grounded to the chassis. using the midrail biasing approach, the sleeve must be isolat - ed from system ground, complicating product design. u during an esd strike, the amplifiers esd structures are the only path to system ground. thus, the amplifier must be able to withstand the full energy from an esd strike. u when using the headphone jack as a line out to other equipment, the bias voltage on the sleeve may conflict with the ground potential from other equipment, result - ing in possible damage to the amplifiers. charge pump the max97002s dual-mode charge pump generates both the positive and negative power supply for the headphone amplifier. to maximize effficiency, both the charge pumps switching frequency and output voltage change based on signal level. when the input signal level is less than 10% of v dd the switching frequency is reduced to a low rate. this minimizes switching losses in the charge pump. when the input signal exceeds 10% of v dd , the switching fre - quency increases to support the load current. for input signals below 25% of v dd , the charge pump generates q (v dd /2) to minimize the voltage drop across the amplifiers power stage and thus improves efficiency. input signals that exceed 25% of v dd cause the charge pump to output q v dd . the higher output voltage allows for full output power from the headphone amplifier. to prevent audible glitches when transitioning from the q (v dd /2) output mode to the q v dd output mode, the charge pump transitions very quickly. this quick change draws significant current from v dd for the duration of the transition. the bypass capacitor on v dd supplies the required current and prevent droop on v dd . the charge pumps dynamic switching mode can be turned off through the i 2 c interface. the charge pump can then be forced to output either q (v dd /2) or q v dd regardless of input signal level. class h operation a class h amplifier uses a class ab output stage with power supplies that are modulated by the output signal. in the case of the max97002, two nominal power-supply differentials of 1.8v (+0.9v to -0.9v) and 3.6v (+1.8v to -1.8v) are available from the charge pump. figure 7 shows the operation of the output voltage dependent power supply. low-power mode to minimize power consumption when using the head - phone amplifier, enable the low-power mode. in this mode, the headphone mixers and volume control are bypassed and shutdown. i 2 c slave address the max97002 uses a slave address of 0x9a or 1001101r/w. the address is defined as the 7 most signifi - cant bits (msbs) followed by the read/write bit. set the read/ write bit to 1 to configure the max97002 to read mode. set the read/write bit to 0 to configure the max97002 to write mode. the address is the first byte of information sent to the max97002 after the start (s) condition. figure 7. class h operation 32ms 1.8v 0.9v v th_h v th_l -0.9v -1.8v hpvdd hpvss output voltage 32ms
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 23 i 2 c registers nine internal registers program the max97002. table 1 lists all of the registers, their addresses, and power-on- reset states. register 0xff indicates the device revision. write zeros to all unused bits in the register table when updating the register, unless otherwise noted. tables 2C7 describe each bit. table 1. register map register b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 address default r/w status input gain inadiff inbdiff pgaina pgainb 0x00 0x00 r/w headphone mixers hplmix hprmix 0x01 0x00 r/w speaker mixer 0 0 0 0 spkmix 0x02 0x00 r/w headphone left zcd slew hplm hplvol 0x03 0x00 r/w headphone right hpgain 0 hprm hprvol 0x04 0x00 r/w speaker ffm spkm spkvol 0x05 0x00 r/w reserved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0x06 0x00 r/w limiter thdclp 0 0 0 thdt1 0x07 0x00 r/w power management shdn lpmode spken 0 hplen hpren bypen 0x08 0x01 r/w charge pump 0 0 0 0 0 0 cpsel fixed 0x09 0x00 r/w revision id rev id rev 0xff 0x00 r
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 24 table 2. input register register bit name description 0x00 7 inadiff input a differential mode. configures the input a channel as either a mono differential signal (ina = ina2 - ina1) or as a stereo signal (ina1 = left, ina2 = right). 0 = stereo single-ended 1 = differential 6 inbdiff input b differential mode. configures the input b channel as either a mono differential signal (inb = inb2 - inb1) or as a stereo signal (inb1 = left, inb2 = right). 0 = stereo single-ended 1 = differential 5 pgaina input a preamp gain. set the input gain to maximize output signal level for a given input signal range to improve the snr of the system. pgaina = 111 switches to a trimmed 20k i feedback resistor for external gain setting. 4 value 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 level (db) -6 -3 0 3 6 9 18 external 3 2 pgainb input b preamp gain. set the input gain to maximize output signal level for a given input signal range to improve the snr of the system. pgainb = 111 switches to a trimmed 20k i feedback resistor for external gain setting. 1 value 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 level (db) -6 -3 0 3 6 9 18 external 0
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 25 mixers table 3. mixer registers register bit name description 0x01 7 hplmix left headphone mixer. selects which of the four inputs is routed to the left headphone output. 6 value 0000 1xxx x1xx xx1x xxx1 input no input ina1 (disabled when inadiff = 1) ina2 (select when inadiff = 1) inb1 (disabled when inbdiff = 1) inb2 (select when inbdiff = 1) 5 4 3 hprmix right headphone mixer. selects which of the four inputs is routed to the right head - phone output. 2 value 0000 1xxx x1xx xx1x xxx1 input no input ina1 (disabled when inadiff = 1) ina2 (select when inadiff = 1) inb1 (disabled when inbdiff = 1) inb2 (select when inbdiff = 1) 1 0 0x02 3 spkmix speaker mixer. selects which of the four inputs is routed to the speaker output. 2 value 0000 1xxx x1xx xx1x xxx1 input no input ina1 (disabled when inadiff = 1) ina2 (select when inadiff = 1) inb1 (disabled when inbdiff = 1) inb2 (select when inbdiff = 1) 1 0
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 26 volume control table 4. volume control registers register bit name description 0x03 7 zcd zero-crossing detection. determines whether zero-crossing detection is used on all vol - ume control changes to reduce clicks and pops. disabling zero-crossing detection allows volume changes to occur immediately. 0 = enabled 1 = disabled 6 slew volume slewing. determines whether volume slewing is used on all volume con - trol changes to reduce clicks and pops. when enabled, volume changes cause the max97002 to ramp through intermediate volume settings whenever a change to the volume is made. if zcd = 1, slewing occurs at a rate of 0.2ms per step. if zcd = 0, slew time depends on the input signal. write a 1 to this bit to disable slewing and implement volume changes immediately. this bit also activates soft-start at power-on and soft-stop and power-off. 0 = enabled 1 = disabled 5 hplm left headphone mute 0 = unmuted 1 = muted 4 hplvol left headphone volume value level (db) value level (db) 3 0x00 -64 0x10 -12 0x01 -60db 0x11 -10 0x02 -56 0x12 -8 0x03 -52 0x13 -6 0x04 -48 0x14 -4 2 0x05 -44 0x15 -2 0x06 -40 0x16 -1 0x07 -37 0x17 0 0x08 -34 0x18 1 1 0x09 -31 0x19 2 0x0a -28 0x1a 3 0x0b -25 0x1b 4 0x0c -22 0x1c 4.5 0x0d -19 0x1d 5 0x0e -16 0x1e 5.5 0x0f -14 0x1f 6 0
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 27 table 4. volume control registers (continued) register bit name description 0x04 7 hpgain headphone gain. controls the headphone amplifier gain. 0 = 0db 1 = 3db 5 hprm right headphone mute 0 = unmuted 1 = muted 4 hprvol right headphone volume value level (db) value level (db) 3 0x00 -64 0x10 -12 0x01 -60db 0x11 -10 0x02 -56 0x12 -8 0x03 -52 0x13 -6 2 0x04 -48 0x14 -4 0x05 -44 0x15 -2 0x06 -40 0x16 -1 0x07 -37 0x17 0 1 0x08 -34 0x18 1 0x09 -31 0x19 2 0x0a -28 0x1a 3 0x0b -25 0x1b 4 0x0c -22 0x1c 4.5 0 0x0d -19 0x1d 5 0x0e -16 0x1e 5.5 0x0f -14 0x1f 6
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 28 table 4. volume control registers (continued) register bit name description 0x05 7 ffm fixed-frequency oscillation. removes spread spectrum from the class d oscillator. 0 = spread-spectrum mode 1 = fixed-frequency mode 6 spkm speaker mute 0 = unmuted 1 = mute 5 spkvol speaker volume value level (db) value level (db) value level (db) 4 0x00C0x18 -30 0x26 3 0x34 14.5 0x19 -26 0x27 4 0x35 15 0x1a -22 0x28 5 0x36 15.5 0x1b -18 0x29 6 0x37 16 3 0x1c -14 0x2a 7 0x38 16.5 0x1d -12 0x2b 8 0x39 17 0x1e -10 0x2c 9 0x3a 17.5 2 0x1f -8 0x2d 10 0x3b 18 0x20 -6 0x2e 11 0x3c 18.5 0x21 -4 0x2f 12 0x3d 19 1 0x22 -2 0x30 12.5 0x3e 19.5 0x23 0 0x31 13 0x3f 20 0x24 1 0x32 13.5 0 0x25 2 0x33 14
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 29 power management distortion limiter table 6. power management register table 5. distortion limiter register register bit name description 0x07 7 thdclp distortion limit value thd limit (%) 6 0000 disabled 0001C1001 p 4 1010 p 5 5 1011 p 6 1100 p 8 1101 p 11 4 1110 p 12 1111 p 15 0000 disabled 0 thdt1 distortion release time constant 0 = 1.4s 1 = 2.8s register bit name description 0x08 7 shdn software shutdown 0 = device disabled 1 = device enabled 6 lpmode low-power headphone mode. enables low-power headphone mode. when activated this mode directly connects the selected channel to the headphone amplifiers, bypassing the mixers and the volume control. additionally, low-power mode disables the speaker path. value limit 5 00 disabled 01 ina (se) connected to the headphone output 10 inb (se) connected to the headphone output 11 ina (diff) to hpl and inb (diff) to hpr 4 spken speaker amplifier enable 0 = disabled 1 = enabled 2 hplen left headphone amplifier enable 0 = disabled 1 = enabled 1 hpren right headphone amplifier enable 0 = disabled 1 = enabled 0 bypen analog switch 0 = open 1 = closed
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 30 i 2 c serial interface the max97002 features an i 2 c/smbus k -compatible, 2-wire serial interface consisting of a serial-data line (sda) and a serial-clock line (scl). sda and scl facili - tate communication between the max97002 and the master at clock rates up to 400khz. figure 1 shows the 2-wire interface timing diagram. the master generates scl and initiates data transfer on the bus. the master device writes data to the max97002 by transmitting the proper slave address followed by the register address and then the data word. each transmit sequence is framed by a start (s) or repeated start (sr) condi - tion and a stop (p) condition. each word transmitted to the max97002 is 8 bits long and is followed by an acknowledge clock pulse. a master reading data from the max97002 transmits the proper slave address fol - lowed by a series of nine scl pulses. the max97002 transmits data on sda in sync with the master-generated scl pulses. the master acknowledges receipt of each byte of data. each read sequence is framed by a start or repeated start condition, a not acknowledge, and a stop condition. sda operates as both an input and an open-drain output. a pullup resistor, typically greater than 500 i , is required on sda. scl operates only as an input. a pullup resistor, typically greater than 500 i , is required on scl if there are multiple masters on the bus, or if the single master has an open-drain scl output. series resistors in line with sda and scl are optional. series resistors protect the digital inputs of the max97002 from high voltage spikes on the bus lines and minimize crosstalk and undershoot of the bus signals. bit transfer one data bit is transferred during each scl cycle. the data on sda must remain stable during the high period of the scl pulse. changes in sda while scl is high are control signals (see the start and stop conditions section). start and stop conditions sda and scl idle high when the bus is not in use. a master initiates communication by issuing a start con - dition. a start condition is a high-to-low transition on sda with scl high. a stop condition is a low-to-high transition on sda while scl is high (figure 8). a start condition from the master signals the beginning of a transmission to the max97002. the master terminates transmission, and frees the bus, by issuing a stop con - dition. the bus remains active if a repeated start condition is generated instead of a stop condition. charge-pump control table 7. charge-pump control register smbus is a trademark of intel corp. figure 8. start, stop, and repeated start conditions scl sda s s r p register bit name description 0x09 1 cpsel charge-pump output select. works with the fixed to set q 1.8v or q 0.9v outputs on hpvdd and hpvss. ignored when fixed = 0. 0 = q 1.8v on hpvdd/hpvss 1 = q 0.9v on hpvdd/hpvss 0 fixed class h mode. when enabled, this bit forces the charge pump to generate static power rails for hpvdd and hpvss, instead of dynamically adjusting them based on output sig - nal level. 0 = class h mode 1 = fixed-supply mode
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 31 early stop conditions the max97002 recognizes a stop (p) condition at any point during data transmission except if the stop condi - tion occurs in the same high pulse as a start (s) condi - tion. for proper operation, do not send a stop condition during the same scl high pulse as the start condition. slave address the slave address is defined as the seven most sig - nificant bits (msbs) followed by the read/write bit. for the max97002 the 7 msbs are 1001101. setting the read/write bit to 1 (slave address = 0x9b) configures the max97002 for read mode. setting the read/write bit to 0 (slave address = 0x9a) configures the max97002 for write mode. the address is the first byte of information sent to the max97002 after the start condition. acknowledge the acknowledge bit (ack) is a clocked 9th bit that the max97002 uses to handshake receipt each byte of data when in write mode (figure 9). the max97002 pulls down sda during the entire master-generated 9th clock pulse if the previous byte is successfully received. monitoring ack allows for detection of unsuccessful data transfers. an unsuccessful data transfer occurs if a receiving device is busy or if a system fault has occurred. in the event of an unsuccessful data transfer, the bus master retries communication. the master pulls down sda during the 9th clock cycle to acknowledge receipt of data when the max97002 is in read mode. an acknowledge is sent by the master after each read byte to allow data transfer to continue. a not-acknowledge is sent when the master reads the final byte of data from the max97002, followed by a stop condition. write data format a write to the max97002 includes transmission of a start condition, the slave address with the r/ w bit set to 0, one byte of data to configure the internal register address pointer, one or more bytes of data, and a stop condition. figure 10 illustrates the proper frame format for writing one byte of data to the max97002. figure 11 illustrates the frame format for writing n-bytes of data to the max97002. the slave address with the r/ w bit set to 0 indicates that the master intends to write data to the max97002. the max97002 acknowledges receipt of the address byte during the master-generated 9th scl pulse. the second byte transmitted from the master configures the max97002s internal register address pointer. the pointer tells the max97002 where to write the next byte of data. an acknowledge pulse is sent by the max97002 upon receipt of the address pointer data. the third byte sent to the max97002 contains the data that is written to the chosen register. an acknowl - edge pulse from the max97002 signals receipt of the data byte. the address pointer autoincrements to the next register address after each received data byte. this autoincrement feature allows a master to write to sequential registers within one continuous frame. the master signals the end of transmission by issuing a stop condition. register addresses greater than 0x09 are reserved. do not write to these addresses. figure 9. acknowledge 1 scl start condition sda 28 9 clock pulse for acknowledgment acknowledge not acknowledge
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 32 figure 10. writing one byte of data to the max97002 figure 11. writing n-bytes of data to the max97002 read data format send the slave address with the r/ w bit set to 1 to initiate a read operation. the max97002 acknowledges receipt of its slave address by pulling sda low during the 9th scl clock pulse. a start (s) command followed by a read command resets the address pointer to register 0x00. the first byte transmitted from the max97002 is the con - tents of register 0x00. transmitted data is valid on the rising edge of scl. the address pointer autoincrements after each read data byte. this autoincrement feature allows all registers to be read sequentially within one continuous frame. a stop condition can be issued after any number of read data bytes. if a stop (p) condition is issued followed by another read operation, the first data byte to be read is from register 0x00. the address pointer can be preset to a specific register before a read command is issued. the master presets the address pointer by first sending the max97002s slave address with the r/ w bit set to 0 followed by the register address. a repeated start (sr) condition is then sent followed by the slave address with the r/ w bit set to 1. the max97002 then transmits the contents of the specified register. the address pointer autoincre - ments after transmitting the first byte. the master acknowledges receipt of each read byte during the acknowledge clock pulse. the master must acknowledge all correctly received bytes except the last byte. the final byte must be followed by a not acknowl - edge from the master and then a stop condition. figure 12 illustrates the frame format for reading one byte from the max97002. figure 13 illustrates the frame format for reading multiple bytes from the max97002. a 0 slave address register address data byte acknowledge from max97002 r/w 1 byte autoincrement internal register address pointer acknowledge from max97002 acknowledge from max97002 b1 b0 b3 b2 b5 b4 b7 b6 s a a p 1 byte autoincrement internal register address pointer acknowledge from max97002 acknowledge from max97002 b1 b0 b3 b2 b5 b4 b7 b6 a a 0 acknowledge from max97002 r/w s a 1 byte acknowledge from max97002 b1 b0 b3 b2 b5 b4 b7 b6 p a slave address register address data byte 1 data byte n
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 33 figure 12. reading one byte of data from the max97002 figure 13. reading n-bytes of data from the max97002 applications information filterless class d operation traditional class d amplifiers require an output filter to recover the audio signal from the amplifiers output. the filters add cost, increase the solution size of the amplifier, and can decrease efficiency and thd+n performance. the traditional pwm scheme uses large differential out - put swings (2 x v dd(p-p) ) and causes large ripple cur - rents. any parasitic resistance in the filter components results in a loss of power, lowering the efficiency. the max97002 does not require an output filter. the device relies on the inherent inductance of the speaker coil and the natural filtering of both the speaker and the human ear to recover the audio component of the square-wave output. eliminating the output filter results in a smaller, less costly, more efficient solution. because the frequency of the max97002 output is well beyond the bandwidth of most speakers, voice coil movement due to the square-wave frequency is very small. although this movement is small, a speaker not designed to handle the additional power can be dam - aged. for optimum results, use a speaker with a series inductance > 10 f h. typical 8 i speakers exhibit series inductances in the 20 f h to 100 f h range. rf susceptibility gsm radios transmit using time-division multiple access (tdma) with 217hz intervals. the result is an rf signal with strong amplitude modulation at 217hz and its har - monics that are easily demodulated by audio amplifiers. the max97002 is designed specifically to reject rf signals; however, pcb layout has a large impact on the susceptibility of the end product. in rf applications, improvements to both layout and component selection decreases the max97002s sus - ceptibility to rf noise and prevent rf signals from being demodulated into audible noise. trace lengths should be kept below 1/4 of the wavelength of the rf frequency of interest. minimizing the trace lengths prevents them from functioning as antennas and coupling rf signals into the max97002. the wavelength ( l ) in meters is given by: l = c/f where c = 3 x 10 8 m/s, and f = the rf frequency of interest. route the audio signals on the middle layers of the pcb to allow the ground planes above and below to shield them from rf interference. ideally, the top and bottom layers of the pcb should primarily be ground planes to create effective shielding. acknowledge from max97002 1 byte autoincrement internal register address pointer acknowledge from max97002 not acknowledge from master a a p a 0 acknowledge from max97002 r/w s r/w repeated start sr 1 slave address register address slave address data byte acknowledge from max97002 1 byte autoincrement internal register address pointer acknowledge from max97002 a a a p 0 acknowledge from max97002 r/w s r/w repeated start sr 1 slave address register address slave address data byte
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 34 additional rf immunity can also be obtained from rely - ing on the self-resonant frequency of capacitors as it exhibits the frequency response similar to a notch filter. depending on the manufacturer, 10pf to 20pf capacitors typically exhibit self resonance at rf frequencies. these capacitors when placed at the input pins can effectively shunt the rf noise at the inputs of the max97002. for these capacitors to be effective, they must have a low- impedance, low-inductance path to the ground plane. do not use microvias to connect to the ground plane as these vias do not conduct well at rf frequencies. component selection optional ferrite bead filter additional emi suppression can be achieved using a filter constructed from a ferrite bead and a capacitor to ground (figure 14). use a ferrite bead with low dc resis - tance, high-frequency (> 600mhz) impedance between 100 i and 600 i , and rated for at least 1a. the capacitor value varies based on the ferrite bead chosen and the actual speaker lead length. select a capacitor less than 1nf based on emi performance. input capacitor an input capacitor, c in , in conjunction with the input impedance of the max97002 line inputs forms a high - pass filter that removes the dc bias from an incoming analog signal. the ac-coupling capacitor allows the amplifier to automatically bias the signal to an optimum dc level. assuming zero-source impedance, the -3db point of the highpass filter is given by: in in 1 f 2 r c ? = 3db choose c in such that f -3db is well below the lowest fre - quency of interest. for best audio quality, use capacitors whose dielectrics have low-voltage coefficients, such as tantalum or aluminum electrolytic. capacitors with high- voltage coefficients, such as ceramics, may result in increased distortion at low frequencies. charge-pump capacitor selection use capacitors with an esr less than 100m i for optimum performance. low-esr ceramic capacitors minimize the output resistance of the charge pump. most surface- mount ceramic capacitors satisfy the esr requirement. for best performance over the extended temperature range, select capacitors with an x7r dielectric. charge-pump flying capacitor the value of the flying capacitor (connected between c1n and c1p) affects the output resistance of the charge pump. a value that is too small degrades the devices ability to provide sufficient current drive, which leads to a loss of output voltage. increasing the value of the flying capacitor reduces the charge-pump output resistance to an extent. above 1 f f, the on-resistance of the internal switches and the esr of external charge- pump capacitors dominate. charge-pump holding capacitor the holding capacitor (bypassing hpvdd and hpvss) value and esr directly affect the ripple on the supply. increasing the capacitors value reduces output ripple. likewise, decreasing the esr reduces both ripple and output resistance. lower capacitance values can be used in systems with low maximum output power levels. see the output power vs. load resistance graph in the typical operating characteristic s for more information supply bypassing, layout, and grounding proper layout and grounding are essential for opti - mum performance. use a large continuous ground plane on a dedicated layer of the pcb to minimize loop areas. connect gnd directly to the ground plane using the shortest trace length possible. proper ground - ing improves audio performance, minimizes crosstalk between channels, and prevents any digital noise from coupling into the analog audio signals. place the capacitor between c1p and c1n as close to the max97002 as possible to minimize trace length from c1p to c1n. inductance and resistance added between c1p and c1n reduce the output power of the headphone amplifier. bypass hpvdd and hpvss with capacitors located close to the pins with a short trace length to gnd. close decoupling of hpvdd and hpvss minimizes supply ripple and maximizes output power from the headphone amplifier. figure 14. optional class d ferrite bead filter max97002 out+ out-
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 35 bypass pvdd to gnd with as little trace length as pos - sible. connect outp and outn to the speaker using the shortest and widest traces possible. reducing trace length minimizes radiated emi. route outp/outn as a differential pair on the pcb to minimize the loop area, thereby reducing the inductance of the circuit. if filter components are used on the speaker outputs, be sure to locate them as close as possible to the max97002 to ensure maximum effectiveness. minimize the trace length from any ground tied passive components to gnd to further minimize radiated emi. an evaluation kit (ev kit) is available to provide an example layout for the max97002. the ev kit allows quick setup of the max97002 and includes easy-to-use software, allowing all internal registers to be controlled. wlp applications information for the latest application details on wlp construction, dimensions, tape carrier information, pcb techniques, bump-pad layout, and the recommended reflow temper - ature profile, as well as the latest information on reliability testing results, refer to the application note 1891: wafer- level packaging (wlp) and its applications on maxims website at www.maxim-ic.com/ucsp . see figure 15 for the recommended pcb footprint for the max97002. figure 15. recommended pcb footprint 0.22mm 0.25mm
audio subsystem with mono class d speaker and class h headphone amplifiers max97002 maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circuit patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 36 maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 ? 2010 maxim integrated products maxim is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. package information for the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages . note that a +, #, or - in the package code indicates rohs status only. package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of rohs status. package type package code document no. 20 wlp w202a2+2 21-0059 20l wlp.eps

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